BATTER PILES

Piles driven at an angle to the vertical (typically 14 to 20), are referred to as batter piles. Batter piles are used in group piles when higher lateral load-bearing capacity is required. Piles also may be advanced by partial augering, with power augers  used to predrill holes part of the way. The piles can then be inserted into the holes and driven to the desired depth. Piles may be divided into two categories based on the nature of their placement: displacement piles and nondisplacement piles. Driven piles are displacement piles, because they move some soil laterally; hence, there is a tendency for densification of soil surrounding them. Concrete piles and closed-ended pipe piles are high-displacement piles. However, steel H-piles displace less soil laterally during driving, so they are low displacement piles. In contrast, bored piles are nondisplacement piles because their placement causes very little change in the state of stress in the soil.

Principles of Foundation Engineering, Braja. M. Das, 8th Edition

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